• Michael Maassel
    0
    Good day.
    A number of years ago, I was working with an engineer that told me about how they had removed the outer shield of two different types of right angle Type-N adapters (sharp 90 degree corner and swept internal conductor). They then used an IR Thermal Camera and measured the temperature of the inner conductor.

    The examples of the two types are:
    1) Sharp 90 degree corner (example - Pasternack PE9086)
    2) Swept (Curved Radius) Internal Conductor (example - Pasternack PE91350)

    He stated that there was a significant difference in the temperature that was measured. The 90 degree corner had a much higher temperature than the swept adapter.

    Assuming that everything else is the same between the two different types, was this a valid test? Over the years I was wondered about this and I questioned the methodology. Was the temperature difference do to the angle (90 degrees versus a swept internal conductor) or was there an impedance discontinuity that caused this to happen?

    Thank you
  • Kelsey Yang-AO Microwave
    0
    Good question - and I think the test as described has a confound in it.

    Two things change between a sharp 90° corner and a swept (radiused) inner conductor:
    1) the local impedance discontinuity at the corner, and
    2) the current path through the bend, so the conduction cross-section and current density differ.

    The thermal camera only measures the result, not which mechanism caused it. A sharp corner crowds current at the inner edge of the turn, so localized I²R heating rises even if the impedance bump itself is small. A swept conductor spreads that path out, so it runs cooler for the same through-power.

    If you want to separate the two effects, I would approach it this way:
    - Run a TDR on both adapters with the same reference plane. That shows the magnitude and the length of the impedance discontinuity directly, rather than inferring it from temperature.
    - Compare return loss across the band. If the swept part is genuinely better matched, you will see it above the frequency where the corner length becomes an appreciable fraction of a wavelength.
    - Drive both at identical through-power and let them reach steady state. A single thermal snapshot is easy to misread if one part had better thermal contact to the housing.

    So: not a wrong observation, but not a clean test either. Set up that way it mostly tells you the sharp corner runs hotter - which is expected - without proving whether that is mainly an impedance effect or mainly a current-crowding effect.
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